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General Wildlife Measures

No permanent mainline or secondary roads

Limited impacts to forest cover 

Provide winter range for forage, escape cover and thermal cover.

Limit roads and impacts to forest cover.

No disturbance Nov01-April30

Retail large leave areas >4ha

Minimize disturbance to:

Warm aspect slopes

Open range

Young deciduous forest stands

Complex forest stands with understory

Coniferous stands (thermal/security)

Grasslands (grasses, herbs, burns)

Shrubs, saplings, birch, aspen, willow

Riparian reserves (river edges & bars)

Wetlands, slides/chutes and outcrop

Maintain a 60:40 balance between forage (young trees) : thermal/security (old trees)  

Planning Measures:

Limit roads to secondary access on existing disturbance

Limit impacts to forest cover and elk forage (open range and early seral).

Minimize fragmentation

Retain

Large leave areas (>4ha)

Tree clusters every 200m for security cover

A ratio of 60:20:20 of forage habitat: security/thermal cover: undefined habitat

Avoid:

Warm aspect slopes

Open range

Young deciduous forest for forage

Complex forest stands with understory

Mature coniferous stands

Grasslands (grasses, herbs, burns)

Shrubs, saplings, birch, aspen, willow

Riparian reserves (river edges & bars)

Wetlands, slides/chutes and outcrop

Operational Measures:

No disturbance to wintering ungulates Nov01-April30

Minimize:

Human disturbance

Mechanical site preparation